The second republic, youth and the configuration of the social and popular movement

Abstract

It is common knowledge that we began to be a Republic in 1903 and that the Treaty that no Panamanian signed guaranteed independence, although mediated. Despite all the contradictions that this implied, this was the first steps in the republican events, we were born as a Republic, but without the right to fully enjoy the entire territory as a consequence of the Hay Bunau - Varilla treaty, which in its article II indicates : "The Republic of Panama grants the United States, in perpetuity, the use, occupation and control of a zone of land and land covered by water for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of the aforementioned Canal, of ten miles of width extending for a distance of five miles on each side of the central line of the canal route that is going to begin said zone in the Caribbean Sea three nautical miles from the mid-line of low tide and extending across the Isthmus from Panama to the Pacific Ocean up to a distance of three maritime miles from the mid-line of low tide, provided that the cities of Panama and Colón and the bays adjacent to said cities, which are included within the limits of the zone described above, are included in this concession ”.