Réquiem por un mito. Desmontando la compatibilidad entre la ética animal y la ética ambiental

Resumen

La ética ambiental y la ética animal son posiciones éticas incompatibles. Defienden tesis irreconciliables respecto del problema de la consideración moral y dan lugar a prescripciones normativas contradictorias. En otras palabras, divergen respecto de qué entidades importan y de cómo debemos actuar hacia ellas. Esto es particularmente claro considerando el caso de los animales que viven en la naturaleza. Mientras para la ética animal debemos actuar de manera a satisfacer los intereses de estos animales, no dañándoles y ayudándoles cuando están en situación de necesidad, para la ética ambiental, dado que lo que debemos hacer es actuar de manera a preservar las entidades y procesos naturales, a menudo, hacerlo implica causar daño y no ayudar a estos individuos. Esta incompatibilidad permanece cierta independientemente de que, en ocasiones, perseguir fines ambientalistas suponga algún beneficio para ciertos animales no humanos; de que el holismo ontológico sea cierto o de que defendamos una posición (eco)feminista. A pesar de ello, la compatibilidad entre la ética ambiental y la ética animal sigue siendo una creencia extendida. Ello se explica, en larga medida, por sesgos cognitivos arraigados, tales como el razonamiento motivado y el sesgo de confirmación.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5887430

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